1945’s plan proposes tectonic division of land division within the city and its tight relationship with Jaffa. Prominently, the establishment of 4 major zones are seen as a foundation for urban planning. Zone B and C as annotated on the …
Horwitz’s masterplan corresponding to the changing conditions of the growing Tel Aviv in the 1950s sparked both positive and negative consequences. With original intentionality to distinguish and demolish the classist segregation occurring between north and south of the city, the …
3.5 Ethnic Diversity and Horwitz Plan Developmental Foundations Read more »
1948 May, involvement in the Arab Israel war consisted of Iraq and other neighboring Arab states Egypt, Transjordan and Syria invaded spaces within Israel. Military attacks have been pursued upon Jewish settlements within the lands of Israel, to which …
Following the initial establishment of the Central Bus station, the opposition that has developed through the narratives of the town planners and Arie Ritz created immediate impact upon a nearby district Neve Sha’anan. Originally a residential district for low income …
2.5 Impact Upon Residents in Neve Sha’anan Post Central Bus Station Read more »
Urban planning within Tel Aviv during this period seeked expansion of settlement spaces, posing issues of tectonic boundaries and redevelopment of districts for adjusting to the new influx of population. The concept of social equity was an inducted concept mentioned …
2.4 Infrastructural Development – Central Bus Station Read more »
This is a book written by the Israeli writer and architect, Sharon Rotbard. As the title has stated, this is a story about two cities: Tel Aviv and Jaffa. Tel Aviv is the “White City” which is famous for its …
This book Violent Acts and Urban Space in Contemporary Tel Aviv was written by Tali Hatuka, who is an architect, urban planner, and the Head and founder of the Laboratory of contemporary Urban Design, in the Department of Geography and …
This article was written by Talia Margalit who is a senior lecturer at the Tel Aviv University specialising in urban design and urban history. In this research, the writer focuses on the development of high-rise projects in Tel Aviv completed …
This article was written by Alexandre Kedar and Oren Yiftachel who are professors teaching law, and political and legal geography respectively. This paper focuses on the Israeli land regime which is highly related to the distribution of land and spatial …
This article is written by Aaron Horwitz in 1954. Horwitz was a city planning consultant and a former chief city planner of Cleveland. He went to Israel at the end of 1951 in order to direct the preparation of a …
This is a book written by Haim Yacobi, an Israeli urban planner. It talks about how Tel-Aviv, a Jewish-Arab city, experienced ongoing conflict. As an architect and planner who specialises in the study of politics, he discovered in his visits …
VIII. The Jewish-Arab City: Spatio-Politics in a Mixed Community Read more »
Since the annexation of Jaffa, redevelopment plans had been carried out. Even though there were huge differences between Jaffa and Tel Aviv in terms of historical backgrounds, cultural background of inhabitants and the urban fabric, there were efforts to merge …
Tel Aviv was the central city of the metropolitan area of the State of Israel. In order to better represent their country to the international community, different periods of high-rise construction was planned. The first period of high-rise buildings was …
Since the annexation of Jaffa to Tel Aviv, there were efforts by the government to merge, or to Hebraise the city of Jaffa. In particular, as mentioned in the Horwitz Plan as well, the demolition of slums were considered an …
“Tel Aviv and Jaffa are separated from each other. Tel Aviv thrives and Jaffa stands still. Reconstruction of Menshiyeh will allow bridging the area between the cities…” (Niv and Raifer, 1965) As early as 1920s under the British rule, there …
“In order to change the city, the city’s story needs to be changed, then deciding the language which the new adaptation is told in is absolutely imperative.” Languages are not only the way we hear, speak and write, but it …
Following the proposed concepts of the Horwitz Plan, the reconstruction of slums was crucial to Tel-Aviv’s long-term growth. In this part, we will be looking at the formation of the Arab enclaves in these areas and the aftermath of the …
Part 3. Under redevelopment — Arabic “slums” (1953) Read more »
In the previous four narratives, it was discussed that the Horwitz’s Plan focused mostly on the clearance of slums. Throughout a decade of urban redevelopment, historically valuable towns had been torn down and “inhabitable” housings had been demolished. These decisions …
Part 5. Redeveloped City — High-rise Planning (1953) Read more »
Aaron Horwitz was the former chief city planner of Cleveland who went to Israel in order to plan for Tel Aviv-Jaffa. In 1954, he concluded his entire master plan and gave a report. In Horwitz’s opinion, the city was …
Zionism is an ideology and a nationalist movement among Jewish people whose goal was to re-establish a Jewish state in the historic Land of Israel. It emerged in the late 19th century as a national revival movement which then succeeded …
Part 4. The Rise of Israeli land regime and Zionism (1948) Read more »
Soon after the state of Israel announced its independence on May 14, 1948, the Arab-Israeli War broke out as Arab nations started invasion. As the actual combat diminished in early 1949, the Israeli government had been able to achieve its …
Part 1. Post-war historiography: preservation vs redevelopment (1948) Read more »
The chart below reveals the growth of the city in area, and the subsequent changes in its density of population. Until the mid 1920’s the city grew by sporadic acquisition of land, subdivision and building, sometimes buildings preceded the layout …
V. Studying Tel Aviv’s neighbourhoods in the past Read more »
Patrick Geddes’ report refers to Tel-Aviv as a Garden City; nonetheless, it is not the ideal Garden City of Ebenezer Howard, but a place which creates a transition between town and country. This is obtained mainly by the creation of …
In the 1940s, numerous individual re-division plans represented such deals made on Arab fields, orange groves and beach lots, followed by a major, centralized land acquisition by the municipality of vast lands belonging to the Templers in Sarona . At …
The narrative of Tel Aviv started at 1909 with the foundation of Ahuzait Bait neighbourhood to the north of Jaffa. Another neighbourhood lying outside the border of Old Jaffa was Neve-Tzedek as partially the move of Jewish who wanted …
VI. Conservation VS Urbanism: White City of Tel-Aviv (1909-now) Read more »
As we could see in previous passages that unbalanced planning and development occurred continuously across the years since planning departments in Tel Aviv kept on developing policies for the urban social sectors that had already benefitted in previous development plans. …
V. Later housing projects: continuation of Horwitz’s ideologies? (1950s/1980s/2000s) Read more »
1.Expectation of Horwitz Horwitz admitted that his master plan required a united action done by united people. “It requires aggressive effort year by year. But the effort is well rewarded by the cumulative, even if often slow, community improvement, and …
IV. Expectation VS Realisation: Horwitz’s master plan (1950s-60s) Read more »
“ A high-rise building is defined as one that is two times or greater than the average building height.” The majority of building in Tel Aviv were three to four stories high. The earliest high-rises appeared throughout the beginning of …
III. Assets VS Demands: High-rise Buildings (1953-1967) Read more »
The author of the article is from the Technion- Israel Institute of Technology. In her article, she introduced typical Tel-Aviv houses and its subsequent urbanscape created by the Geddes plan in 1925. She also mentioned about improved architecture practice brought …
VII. Patrick Geddes and the Evolution of a Housing Type in Tel-Aviv Read more »
This is a book written by Sharon Rothbard that examines the planning and architectural histories of Tel Aviv and Jaffa. The book is divided into three parts, with the first two parts—“White City” and “Black City”. I focused on the white …
VI. White City/ Black City, Tel-Aviv- Jaffa: Babel (in Hebrew) Read more »